IUD

IUD (intrauterine device)

An IUD (intrauterine device) is a small, T-shaped form of long-acting reversible birth control that’s placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It’s one of the most effective contraceptive options and can last for several years depending on the type.
Types of IUDs

There are two main categories:

• Hormonal IUDs release a small amount of progestin (a hormone) to thicken cervical mucus and sometimes stop ovulation. Examples include Mirena and Kyleena.

• Copper IUDs, like Paragard, are hormone-free and use copper to create an environment that prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg.
  
  

IUD insertion (implant)

The IUD is inserted during a quick in-office procedure:

• A healthcare provider places a speculum (similar to a Pap smear)

• The device is inserted through the cervix into the uterus using a thin applicator

• The process usually takes just a few minutes
  
  

You may feel cramping or discomfort during and shortly after insertion, but this typically improves within a day or two.

How it works

• Prevents sperm from reaching or fertilizing an egg

• Hormonal IUDs also thin the uterine lining

• Copper IUDs create a sperm-hostile environment
  
  

Removal

IUD removal is typically simpler than insertion:

• A provider gently pulls on the strings attached to the IUD

• The arms fold up as it slides out of the uterus

• It usually takes just seconds to minutes
  
  

Some people feel brief cramping, but discomfort is usually mild.

Effectiveness and duration

• Over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy

• Hormonal IUDs last 3–8 years, depending on the type

• Copper IUDs can last up to 10–12 years
  
  

Benefits

• Long-term, “set it and forget it” birth control

• Reversible—fertility returns quickly after removal

• Hormonal IUDs may reduce heavy periods and cramping